Single-mode fiber pulse broadening types
Single-mode fibers, used in high-speed optical networks, are subject to Chromatic Dispersion (CD) that causes pulse broadening depending on wavelength, and to Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) that causes pulse broadening depending on polarization. The two fiber parameters that have the greatest effect in limiting digital transmission over optical waveguides are attenuation and pulse spreading. Fiber optic cables are also immune to problems like electromagnetic interference and the light signal in the fiber can be easily amplified in the. In the geometrical-optics description such a broadening was attributed to different paths followed by different rays. Dispersion is the broadening of light pulses as they travel through fiber, causing signal overlap and limiting bandwidth.
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