Wavefront modulators are key components for adaptive optics (AO) systems, allowing dynamic correction of optical aberrations induced by the refractive index inhomogeneity of the imaging medium and/or the specimen, and the imperfections of an optical system. However, the complexity of adding a reflective wavefront modulator and a wavefront sensor into already complicated microscope has made AO prohibitive for its widespread. When the light propagates, the place where the phases are aligned at a certain time is said to be in. We present here the design and performance of a compact fluorescence microscope using a fully refractive optofluidic wavefront modulator, yielding imaging performance on par with that of conventional deformable mirrors, both in correction fidelity and articulation.
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