This chapter describes the key optical components used in a contemporary optical communication system; basic signal and noise parameters; major channel impairments, including chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion (PMD), and fiber nonlinearities; and the system. There are two modulation techniques for optical modules, DML and EML, which are briefly introduced in this article. The optical signal transmitted in the optical fiber is not constant, but is modulated, intensity changes in the optical signal, the following is a description of the characteristics. chapter chapter presents presents presents the the the techniques techniques techniques for for for the the the modulation modulation modulation of of of lightwaves, lightwaves, lightwaves, externally—not externally—not externally—not directly directly directly the the stimulated stimulated.
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